National Fallen Firefighters Memorial Service

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NFFF Weekend

This weekend is the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial Weekend at the National Fire Academy in Emmitsburg Maryland. While some of you may be going to this event, I know a lot of people not only do not attend but do not even know about it. Fear not you can watch the Candle Light service, and Memorial Service from the comfort of your house, or station. Several websites have been provided a web feed for the event. I am going to embed the player at the bottom of the post, but since I ma not the most computer savvy person Rhett over at www.firecritic.com is also hosting the feed. In addition Rhett, John, and the Firefighter Net Cast Crew will be providing podcast coverage of the event. So take a moment this weekend and remember our brothers and sisters who have made the ultimate sacrifice.

Still think you do not need to wear your SCBA?

On the heels of the “Respiratory Disease and the Fire Service” report released by the IAFF, and IAFC a few weeks ago https://averagejakeff.wordpress.com/2010/09/16/iaff-and-usfa-release-respiratory-disease-and-the-fire-service-document/

comes a study on how not wearing SCBA affects your heart as well. This study was done by the University of Cincinnati, Underwriters laboratory, and The Chicago Fire Department. Here is the link http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100928111136.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29&utm_content=Google+International

The Highlights of it are the following:

1. Heart disease is the number 1 killer of firefighters in the US

2. Contributing to that are the ultra fine particulates that are created in a fire

3. Most of the particulates are too small to be seen by the naked eye, and are present mostly during OVERHAUL

4. 70% of the particulates released in a fire are the “ultra fine” type.

5. You are more likely to be affected by these particulates if you are in poor physical shape.

So what does this all mean? Well I think the data speaks for itself, similar studies have been conducted relating firefighter heart disease to particulates the most recent one was out of the University of Kansas where 77 firefighters were tested and 22% was found to have arteries like that of a 59-year-old. The average age was only 39. The University of Indiana also conducted a study and found that firefighters have more narrow arteries than the average person. They found a direct correlation to our lack of sleep and the SMOKE we take in. Lastly the associate chief of cardiology also conducted a study plainly saying that the PARTICULATES in smoke are harmful, causes inflammation of the arteries which leads to increased risks for stroke, and heart attack.

Thankfully the fix is quite simple, wear your SCBA during all phases of the fire, and sometimes it may even be warranted to be worn on the exterior, add in some better eating habits, and a cardiovascular physical fitness program and you can avoid becoming a statistic. Make no mistake about it this is preventable, but its all up to you!

By the way I will be going on vacation for over a week starting this weekend, so the blog activity will be a little light (or non existent), but do not worry I will pick it right back up after I return. In addition if you have any topics you would like covered, or anything of that nature please let me know via email, or the comments section. Thanks for reading and STAY SAFE OUT THERE!

FDIC 2011

While I am usually always excited for FDIC as it is in my opinion the premier fire service conference in the world, this years is even more special.

I have been selected to teach a “classroom session” (a 1 hour and 45 min presentation). The selection process and criteria is pretty difficult so to get selected is quite an accomplishment and quite humbling.

Here is a description of my class:

Long-Stretch Solutions
Master Firefighter Robert C. Owens Sr., Henrico County (VA) Division of Fire
Several solutions to enable engine companies to efficiently stretch beyond their preconnected hoselines to reach the seat of the fire, regardless of the number of personnel available, are presented. Proper apparatus positioning, occupancy application, training, and communication are also discussed.
Presentation Date and Time: TBD

So if you plan on going to FDIC come out and see my class, or just come out and see me! I also recommend the following classes:

Rehab: Beyond the Water Cooler (classroom session)
Karen C. Owens, Emergency Operations Assistant Manager, Virginia Office of Emergency Medical Services
A comprehensive look at a vital issue: how to establish an effective rehab sector that allows for expansion and contraction based on incident operations. Also, students will compare effective and ineffective standard operating procedures and explore methods for determining fitness-for-duty standards. The NFPA 1584 standard covering rehabilitation and the relationship between incident rehabilitation and ICS will also be discussed.

4-Hour Workshops: Monday, March 21, 1:00 p.m.-5:00 p.m.

EMS and ICS: Where Do I Fit In?
Karen Owens, Emergency Operations Assistant Manager, Virginia Office of EMS
When listening to radio traffic in a jurisdiction, you will frequently hear, “Engine 7 on scene, Engine 7 establishing command.” However, how many times have you heard the following radio traffic? “Ambulance 2 on scene, Ambulance 2 establishing command.” While ICS is an all-hazards approach to incident management, the focus is normally the fire service’s involvement in the establishment and management of the incident command structure. Few, if any programs, offer scenarios and position specific information as they apply to EMS providers. This workshop will discuss the roles of the EMS provider in the incident command structure and present scenarios based on the information provided.
INTERMEDIATE

4-Hour Workshops: Monday, March 21, 8:00 a.m.-12:00 p.m.
Emergency Response to Large Events
Frank Cheatham, Health and Medical Emergency Response Team Coordinator, Virginia Office of Emergency Medical Services
Many departments have large events/gatherings in their response area. With each of these events come a unique set of issues that can quickly impact a department’s day-to-day operations. This workshop will examine several types of large-scale events and help the participants develop an understanding of the unique needs of such events and how to best plan for and meet those needs while also providing for the daily needs of the jurisdiction.
ALL LEVELS

Looking forward to seeing everyone at FDIC, and looking forward to learning a lot. If you have never been to FDIC it is well worth your time and money check out the website and all fo the classes here http://www.fdic.com/index/conference.html 

Hope to see you there,  as usual spread the word about the blog, and in addition spread the word about these classes!

Brains or Balls?

The video link I posted here https://averagejakeff.wordpress.com/2010/09/13/aggressive/ has really sparked some serious conversation over at Statter911.com and TheBravestonline.com. Some more information is out about the video as well and it seems that the house was not 100% involved (2 rooms on side C were smoke-filled with very little thermal challenge). So as I said the debate on right, wrong, or indifferent is really heating up.

One of the things that really stood out to me (not just on this topic but many other tactical debates) is the difference in opinion over education of today’s firefighters. Simply put some guys out there think things like building construction, fire dynamics, hydraulics, fire loading, etc. is a bunch of BS. A lot are of the opinion that the 1 1/2 or 1 3/4 line is the end all be all of the fire service, and that we should be going in on every fire no matter construction, fire involvement, lack of victims etc.

While others feel that all of those things I mentioned coupled with training, and experience leads to a more efficient, effective, and safe fireground.

I feel like I fall somewhere in the middle. I do have a BS in Fire Science, and I constantly read NIOSH, NFPA,fire related texts, fire related blogs/websites, and anything else I can get my hands on. I also attend hands on training classes, and have the desire to go to EVERY fire I hear about, and when I get to one you can usually find me trying to find a way inside, or to do some task. I am the guy that would tap you on the shoulder and say the chief wants you outside” so I can get the nozzle. Thats why I have the philosophy on a lot of things that I do, because the company and fireman that are ready typically get put to work, but I also realize that I need to have maximum protection and knowledge in order to go home at the end of the shift.

I feel like a good mix of education, and whatever it is that makes us love this job and want to do this job (balls, desire, competition, bravery) is the key. You can have the smartest firefighter ever, but if he can not get things from his brain to his hands, or he wants to stand outside on every fire then he does us no good. Vice Versa you can have a fireman who is good at the task level but if he can not tell if a building is going to collapse, a room is going to flash, or if a line is not right for this situation then he is just as useless.

Yes firefighting is dangerous, Yes firefighters are always going to die, and Yes it is our job to risk our lives and possibly die to save someones life. However it is also our job to assess the risk and reduce it down to a manageable level. In order to do that you have got to be formally educated, and sound at the task level. We must also evaluate our selves and manage our own risk. Wearing your seatbelt, SCBA, and PPE should not be options. Learning about building construction (especially new construction), GPM vs BTU’s, Synthetic material, etc. should not be options for any firefighter (career or volunteer). Here are just some thoughts or insights on how to keep you safe yet keep you aggressive.

1. Show up ready to work, with maximum personal protection in place. This will protect you for the what if, and allow you to go right to work with little lag time.

2. First in lay in, be self-sufficient with your water supply. This will allow you to get beyond your tank water, and have the ability to make that push you want to.

3.  Come of the rig with appropriate tools. You’re in an engine company then you need to bring something to put fire out, or something that can be set up to put fire out (water can, hose pack, dry cross lay). You’re a truck company? Then bring the beat and bang tools appropriate for the occupancy.

4. Hose line selection. I know I have said this before and I harp on it but hose selection is in my opinion one of the biggest mistakes we make on the fireground. Remember the ADULTS acronym and get the right lines in the right place. Do not be fooled, a lot of fires go out with smaller lines because they have already burned the majority of the fuel available. There are low man power techniques for the 2 1/2 just look here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjFvL7xebqw

5. Train, Train, Train. Get out there pull lines, do searches, read, and watch video. Mess up before you ever get to the fire and do not rest on past success. This also includes formal education. We are in an age of synthetic material, and lightweight engineered construction, we have to evolve our tactics to meet todays enemy. The ISFSI (International Society of Fire Service Instructors) just released a comprehensive program directed toward that very topic. They are recommending that the fire service reboot and start over with building construction education.

6. Lastly wether you call it situational awareness or soemthing else keep in mind where you are and what you are doing at all times. This starts by doing district training and knowing the types of buildings you will be called to serve in. The best chance for this are those pesky EMS calls we hate so much.

So that’s what I think, I want to know what you think. Too many brains, not enough balls? Vice Versa? Or some other combination. Leave some feedback in the comments section and as usual tell your friends about the blog!

EMS a “Drain” on the fire service?

Most of you who read this a lot know that I look at certain blogs and websites daily. One of those websites is “TheBravestonline.com”.

It is a decent video site, and has a forum section for discussion, unfortunately the discussion is usually dominated by some pretty outrageous people. I have been following this thread http://thebravestonline.websitetoolbox.com/post?id=4890318 covering a news report out of Detroit Michigan. The report is basically criticizing the ambulance response times, and questioning the intelligence of the firefighters operating in an EMS capacity.

While reading some of the comments in the forums I came across this post from a Gary Indiana firefighter “Saddest thing is people are saying “good job” to the EMS chief, hes anti-union and a “yes man” for mayor Bing. I’m not saying that the reporter Charlie LeDuff is a good person, he did offer to pay for GPS units and the EMS “chief” gave some political BS line.

 My department is pretty much broke and turned over all the non-ALS runs to a private run ambulance company, it’s made life much easier! Hell we lost our only Squad & one of our Trucks to an accident. EMS is a huge drain on a FD, in this economy there’s no room for “sick cases”.

For those of you that do not know Gary is a lot like Detroit, a very poor city were everyone is barely scrapping by. I have heard stories of guys buying their own turnout gear because the city did not have the money to replace it. Make no mistake about it either they see a lot of arson fires are very busy and are in a very bad working situation.

What really stuck out in his comments was the part about EMS is a huge drain on the fire department. Now I am not the biggest EMS fan, I do it and try to do it very well because it is my job and I want to be good at all aspects of my job. With that being said I do not think that it is a drain on the fire department in general. Sure in Gary, Detroit, and other similar cities they may not run as many “emergencies” as I do, but when they go out the door it is usually a fire, or significant call of some sort, and well here lets just say out of the 13 calls I ran last shift only about 5 of them really needed our intervention.

With all that being said a lot of fire departments would be shut down if it was not for EMS. If my department decided to give up EMS, or even just run the ALS calls we could not survive. The reason I was hired was for EMS (the department was adding the 10th ambulance at the time, now we are up to 14 and probably adding another one very soon) so I owe my job to all of those “BS” runs that come in every day. Some departments even charge for EMS service and depend on the money coming in just to survive. Other departments that have not embraced EMS are constantly going through rotating company closings, and hiring only to fill retirement voids.

So while I do not think EMS is a drain on the fire department, I will admit to it being a drain on the individual firefighter. I have been on the ambulance for 24 hours and we never saw the station, I try to keep this professional so I can not type the words that I was feeling on a couple of those days. I have been cussed at, spit at, swung at, and just about everything under the son and I was there to help. So again I can see how it affects the firefighter especially if its been a long time in between fires.

So that’s my take, I want to know what you think. Is EMS a drain on your fire department? Or is it vital to your survival? Leave some feedback in the comments section, and of course spread the word about the blog.

IAFF and USFA release “Respiratory Disease and the Fire Service” Document

http://www.firehouse.com/files/article_pdfs/RespiratoryDiseases_andtheFireService.pdf

The above link will take you to the “Respiratory Disease and the Fire Service” document issued by the IAFF, and USFA. It is a completely comprehensive document explaining everything from how the respiratory system and its various components work, to talking about various diseases.

They maintain in the report that while medical treatment has improved, and diagnostic tests detect these problems earlier than ever before, PREVENTION is still the best way to avoid these diseases.

The document is long, and very heavy on medical terminology even just reading through a few chapters I have learned some valuable information.

Bottom line at the end of the day respiratory disease in the fire service is a very real thing, and only secondary to heart disease. We do have control over a lot of the factors that contribute to both and need to be as diligent in the protection of ourselves as we are to the public we serve.

So make sure we are wearing our SCBA MASK ON AIR at every fire even the little ones, the document states that a lot of these diseases are a result of a career of taking in smoke, even taking in a little is harmful. Make sure you maintain respiratory protection during overhaul phases of the fire as some materials can still be off gassing. Perform atmospheric monitoring at every fire throughout the overhaul process. Get a yearly physical. Get your face piece fit tested yearly and inspect your face piece every shift. Lastly get in the gym, make your self as healthy as possible in order to combat these diseases.

Stay safe out there everyone, and if you have any comments please leave them in the comment section or drop us a line, and as usual spread the word about the blog!

Aggressive??

First of all I apologize for the lack of activity for the last few days. I was at the NASCAR race for 3 days, and of course yesterday was the opening NFL weekend. There are very few things I like more than the fire department but sports is one of them. My wife would even describe herself as a “Sports Widow”. Now back to business!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taL6dcnPZSw&feature=player_embedded

The above video from the Prince Georges County Maryland area is entitled “Aggressive Interior Attack”. While the video is short what you do see is an ADVANCED fire and companies stretching two 1 1/2 lines and going interior.

This in my opinion is not the definition of “Aggressive Fire Ground Operations”. First of all if even if this is older construction when a fire is this advanced collapse potential is HIGH. Second with this much advanced fire the chance to save life or property is ZERO. Third if you are going to go at this fire head on take the appropriate line.

So again my opinion these firefighters were risked to save nothing, and went after an elephant with a sling shot. The only thing that was accomplished at this fire was SELF SATISFACTION, no one else benefitted from these actions and make no mistake about it “luck” was much more of a success factor in this fire having a positive outcome than “skill”

That’s what I think, I want to know what you think. Aggressive, or something else? Leave some feedback in the comments section, or shoot us an email, and as usual spread the word about the blog!

September Drill of the Month

On the heels of another “Confined Space” LODD http://www.firefighterclosecalls.com/news/fullstory/newsid/116155 this months drill is about Confined Space Rescue Safety, and Procedures.

Just a few months ago the IAFC issues a “Safety Stand Down” referencing Confined Space operations after several LODD in a short time period. The Stand Down page can be found here http://www.iafc.org/displayindustryarticle.cfm?articlenbr=42979 and has a ton of online resources that can educate you about Confined Space operations.

Since every department is a little different I challenge each and every one of you to sit down and take a look at your own departments SOP/SOG, your units capabilities, and your actions in the initial phases of an incident.

First lets remember what a confined space is:

1. A space that has limited or restricted entry or exit points

2. Is large enough for a person to enter and perform a task

3. Is not designed or configured for continuous occupancy

In addition OSHA mandates that a PERMIT required Confined Space has all of the three characteristics and one or more of the following

1. Contains or has potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere

2. Contains a material that could engulf the entrant

3. Has an internal configuration that might cause an entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section

4. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards

Reference to this information and much more can be found in the OSHA code section 1910.146 or just go here http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=9797 

The most important thing is to use some serious COMMON SENSE when dealing with these types of incidents. Most common fire apparatus is not set up for even the most basic Confined Space Rescue entries, much less the complex ones. Know what your resources are for dealing with these incidents, the process for getting them, and CALL THEM EARLY! You can always send them home if it turns out to be nothing but even in my department were we have 8 firefighters on duty minimum that are assigned to the Technical Rescue Team, it still takes time for them to mobilize, deploy, and get on scene not to mention if it’s a complex entry that will require an off duty call out.

Bottom line is if you do not have a way to monitor the air quality of these spaces you have no business being near them. I know we all want to help people but we can help no one if we go down in the process. Isolate the area, and deny entry so that no one else becomes a victim, call the appropriate resources EARLY, and start a good IMS structure.

So in short please be safe out there, if you have any feedback, comments, or any other words of wisdom please send it to us in the comments section or shoot us an email, and as usual spread the word about the blog.

STAY SAFE OUT THERE!!!!

NEVER FORGET!!!!!!

This saturday is the 9th anniversary of the tragedy that occurred on 9/11/01. A lot has changed since then a lot of things for the better and some for the worse.

I remember right after the attacks firefighters every where were viewed as heroes. Now a mere 9 years later many firefighters are trying to fight for their jobs and livelihood due to the current economy. It seems some people have forgotten the sacrifices we make not just on that day but every time we respond to even the most mundane of incidents.

No matter what happens a few things will never change. Firefighters across the country will continue to serve the citizens to the best of their ability no matter the challenges, and WE WILL NEVER FORGET our brothers who made the ultimate sacrifice on that faithful day, or the ones that survived (they may still need our help dealing with the pain even today).

So make sure you do your part and remember 9/11 a little bit everyday and especially this Saturday. Just in case you need some thing to make you remember here are some clips of video you should see:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f688DIOv-1c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAB2jtyWAdM&feature=related

NEVER FORGET 9/11/01

	All 343 911wtc Killed at the World Trade Center September 11, 2001
	Joseph Agnello, Lad.118		Lt. Brian Ahearn, Bat.13		Eric Allen, Sqd.18 (D)		Richard Allen, Lad.15		Cpt. James Amato, Sqd.1		Calixto Anaya Jr., Eng.4
	Joseph Angelini, Res.1 (D)		Joseph Angelini Jr., Lad.4		Faustino Apostol Jr., Bat.2		David Arce, Eng.33		Louis Arena, Lad.5 (D)		Carl Asaro, Bat.9
	Lt. Gregg Atlas, Eng.10		Gerald Atwood, Lad.21		Gerald Baptiste, Lad.9		A.C. Gerard Barbara, Cmd. Ctr.		Matthew Barnes, Lad.25		Arthur Barry, Lad.15
	Lt.Steven Bates, Eng.235		Carl Bedigian, Eng.214		Stephen Belson, Bat.7		John Bergin, Res.5		Paul Beyer, Eng.6		Peter Bielfeld, Lad.42
	Brian Bilcher, Sqd.1		Carl Bini, Res.5		Christopher Blackwell, Res.3		Michael Bocchino, Bat.48		Frank Bonomo, Eng.230		Gary Box, Sqd.1
	Michael Boyle, Eng.33		Kevin Bracken, Eng.40		Michael Brennan, Lad.4		Peter Brennan, Res.4		Cpt. Daniel Brethel, Lad.24 (D)		Cpt. Patrick Brown, Lad.3
	Andrew Brunn, Lad.5 (D)		Cpt. Vincent Brunton, Lad.105		F.M. Ronald Bucca		Greg Buck, Eng.201		Cpt. William Burke Jr., Eng.21		A.C. Donald Burns, Cmd. Ctr.
	John Burnside, Lad.20		Thomas Butler, Sqd.1		Patrick Byrne, Lad.101		George Cain, Lad.7		Salvatore Calabro, Lad.101		Cpt. Frank Callahan, Lad.35
	Michael Cammarata, Lad.11		Brian Cannizzaro, Lad.101		Dennis Carey, Hmc.1		Michael Carlo, Eng.230		Michael Carroll, Lad.3		Peter Carroll, Sqd.1 (D)
	Thomas Casoria, Eng.22		Michael Cawley, Lad.136		Vernon Cherry, Lad.118		Nicholas Chiofalo, Eng.235		John Chipura, Eng.219		Michael Clarke, Lad.2
	Steven Coakley, Eng.217		Tarel Coleman, Sqd.252		John Collins, Lad.25		Robert Cordice, Sqd.1		Ruben Correa, Eng.74		James Coyle, Lad.3
	Robert Crawford, Safety		Lt. John Crisci, H.M.		B.C. Dennis Cross, Bat.57 (D)		Thomas Cullen III, Sqd. 41		Robert Curatolo, Lad.16 (D)		Lt. Edward D’Atri, Sqd.1
	Michael D’Auria, Eng.40		Scott Davidson, Lad.118		Edward Day, Lad.11		B.C. Thomas DeAngelis, Bat. 8		Manuel Delvalle, Eng.5		Martin DeMeo, H.M. 1
	David DeRubbio, Eng.226		Lt. Andrew Desperito, Eng.1 (D)		B.C. Dennis Devlin, Bat.9		Gerard Dewan, Lad.3		George DiPasquale, Lad.2		Lt. Kevin Donnelly, Lad.3
	Lt. Kevin Dowdell, Res.4		B.C. Raymond Downey, Soc.		Gerard Duffy, Lad.21		Cpt. Martin Egan, Jr., Div.15 (D)		Michael Elferis, Eng.22		Francis Esposito, Eng.235
	Lt. Michael Esposito, Sqd.1		Robert Evans, Eng.33		B.C. John Fanning, H.O.		Cpt. Thomas Farino, Eng.26		Terrence Farrell, Res.4		Cpt. Joseph Farrelly, Div.1
	Dep. Comm. William Feehan, (D)		Lee Fehling, Eng.235		Alan Feinberg, Bat.9		Michael Fiore, Res.5		Lt. John Fischer, Lad.20		Andre Fletcher, Res.5
	John Florio, Eng.214		Lt. Michael Fodor, Lad.21		Thomas Foley, Res.3		David Fontana, Sqd.1		Robert Foti, Lad.7		Andrew Fredericks, Sqd.18
	Lt. Peter Freund, Eng.55		Thomas Gambino Jr., Res.3		Chief of Dept. Peter Ganci, Jr. (D)		Lt. Charles Garbarini, Bat.9		Thomas Gardner, Hmc.1		Matthew Garvey, Sqd.1
	Bruce Gary, Eng.40		Gary Geidel, Res.1		B.C. Edward Geraghty, Bat.9		Dennis Germain, Lad.2		Lt. Vincent Giammona, Lad.5		James Giberson, Lad.35
	Ronnie Gies, Sqd.288		Paul Gill, Eng.54		Lt. John Ginley, Eng.40		Jeffrey Giordano, Lad.3		John Giordano, Hmc.1		Keith Glascoe, Lad.21
	James Gray, Lad.20		B.C. Joseph Grzelak, Bat.48		Jose Guadalupe, Eng.54		Lt. Geoffrey Guja, Bat.43		Lt. Joseph Gullickson, Lad.101		David Halderman, Sqd.18
	Lt. Vincent Halloran, Lad.8		Robert Hamilton, Sqd.41		Sean Hanley, Lad.20 (D)		Thomas Hannafin, Lad.5		Dana Hannon, Eng.26		Daniel Harlin, Lad.2
	Lt. Harvey Harrell, Res.5		Lt. Stephen Harrell, Bat.7		Cpt. Thomas Haskell, Jr., Div.15		Timothy Haskell, Sqd.18 (D)		Cpt. Terence Hatton, Res.1		Michael Haub, Lad.4
	Lt. Michael Healey, Sqd.41		John Hefferman, Lad.11		Ronnie Henderson, Eng.279		Joseph Henry, Lad.21		William Henry, Res.1 (D)		Thomas Hetzel, Lad.13
	Cpt. Brian Hickey, Res.4		Lt. Timothy Higgins, S.O.C.		Jonathan Hohmann, Hmc.1		Thomas Holohan, Eng.6		Joseph Hunter, Sqd.288		Cpt. Walter Hynes, Lad.13 (D)
	Jonathan Ielpi, Sqd.288		Cpt. Frederick Ill Jr., Lad.2		William Johnston, Eng.6		Andrew Jordan, Lad.132		Karl Joseph, Eng.207		Lt. Anthony Jovic, Bat.47
	Angel Juarbe Jr., Lad.12		Mychal Judge, Chaplain (D)		Vincent Kane, Eng.22		B.C. Charles Kasper, S.O.C.		Paul Keating, Lad.5		Richard Kelly Jr., Lad.11
	Thomas R. Kelly, Lad.15		Thomas W. Kelly, Lad.105		Thomas Kennedy, Lad.101		Lt. Ronald Kerwin, Sqd.288		Michael Kiefer, Lad.132		Robert King Jr., Eng.33
	Scott Kopytko, Lad.15		William Krukowski, Lad.21		Kenneth Kumpel, Lad.25		Thomas Kuveikis, Sqd.252		David LaForge, Lad.20		William Lake, Res.2
	Robert Lane, Eng.55		Peter Langone, Sqd.252		Scott Larsen, Lad.15		Lt. Joseph Leavey, Lad.15		Neil Leavy, Eng.217		Daniel Libretti, Res.2
	Carlos Lillo, Paramedic		Robert Linnane, Lad.20		Michael Lynch, Eng.40		Michael Lynch, Lad.4		Michael Lyons, Sqd.41		Patrick Lyons, Sqd.252
	Joseph Maffeo, Lad.101		William Mahoney, Res 4		Joseph Maloney, Lad.3 (D)		B.C. Joseph Marchbanks Jr, Bat.12		Lt. Charles Margiotta, Bat.22		Kenneth Marino, Res.1
	John Marshall, Eng.23		Lt. Peter Martin, Res.2		Lt. Paul Martini, Eng.23		Joseph Mascali, T.S.U. 2		Keithroy Maynard, Eng.33		Brian McAleese, Eng.226
	John McAvoy, Lad.3		Thomas McCann, Bat.8		Lt. William McGinn, Sqd.18		B.C. William McGovern, Bat.2 (D)		Dennis McHugh, Lad.13		Robert McMahon, Lad.20
	Robert McPadden, Eng.23		Terence McShane, Lad.101		Timothy McSweeney, Lad.3		Martin McWilliams, Eng.22 (D)		Raymond Meisenheimer, Res.3		Charles Mendez, Lad.7
	Steve Mercado, Eng.40		Douglas Miller, Res.5		Henry Miller Jr, Lad.105		Robert Minara, Lad.25		Thomas Mingione, Lad.132		Lt. Paul Mitchell, Bat.1
	Capt. Louis Modafferi, Res.5		Lt. Dennis Mojica, Res.1 (D)		Manuel Mojica, Sqd.18 (D)		Carl Molinaro, Lad.2		Michael Montesi, Res.1		Capt. Thomas Moody, Div.1
	B.C. John Moran, Bat.49		Vincent Morello, Lad.35		Christopher Mozzillo, Eng.55		Richard Muldowney Jr, Lad.07		Michael Mullan, Lad.12		Dennis Mulligan, Lad.2
	Lt. Raymond Murphy, Lad.16		Lt. Robert Nagel, Eng.58		John Napolitano, Res.2		Peter Nelson, Res.4		Gerard Nevins, Res.1		Dennis O’Berg, Lad.105
	Lt. Daniel O’Callaghan, Lad.4		Douglas Oelschlager, Lad.15		Joseph Ogren, Lad.3		Lt. Thomas O’Hagan, Bat.4		Samuel Otice, Lad.4		Patrick O’Keefe, Res.1
	Capt. William O’Keefe, Div.15 (D)		Eric Olsen, Lad.15		Jeffery Olsen, Eng.10		Steven Olson, Lad.3		Kevin O’Rourke, Res.2		Michael Otten, Lad.35
	Jeffery Palazzo, Res.5		B.C. Orio Palmer, Bat.7		Frank Palombo, Lad.105		Paul Pansini, Eng.10		B.C. John Paolillo, Bat.11		James Pappageorge, Eng.23
	Robert Parro, Eng.8		Durrell Pearsall, Res.4		Lt. Glenn Perry, Bat.12		Lt. Philip Petti, Bat.7		Lt. Kevin Pfeifer, Eng. 33		Lt. Kenneth Phelan, Bat.32
	Christopher Pickford, Eng.201		Shawn Powell, Eng.207		Vincent Princiotta, Lad.7		Kevin Prior, Sqd.252		B.C. Richard Prunty, Bat.2 (D)		Lincoln Quappe, Res.2
	Lt. Michael Quilty, Lad.11		Ricardo Quinn, Paramedic		Leonard Ragaglia, Eng.54		Michael Ragusa, Eng.279		Edward Rall, Res.2		Adam Rand, Sqd.288
	Donald Regan, Res.3		Lt. Robert Regan, Lad.118		Christian Regenhard, Lad.131		Kevin Reilly, Eng.207		Lt. Vernon Richard, Lad.7		James Riches, Eng.4
	Joseph Rivelli, Lad.25		Michael Roberts, Eng.214		Michael E. Roberts, Lad.35		Anthony Rodriguez, Eng.279		Matthew Rogan, Lad.11		Nicholas Rossomando, Res.5
	Paul Ruback, Lad.25		Stephen Russell, Eng.55		Lt. Michael Russo, S.O.C.		B.C. Matthew Ryan, Bat.1		Thomas Sabella, Lad.13		Christopher Santora, Eng.54
	John Santore, Lad.5 (D)		Gregory Saucedo, Lad.5		Dennis Scauso, H.M. 1		John Schardt, Eng.201		B.C. Fred Scheffold, Bat.12		Thomas Schoales, Eng.4
	Gerard Schrang, Res.3 (D)		Gregory Sikorsky, Sqd.41		Stephen Siller, Sqd.1		Stanley Smagala Jr, Eng.226		Kevin Smith, H.M. 1		Leon Smith Jr, Lad 118
	Robert Spear Jr, Eng.26		Joseph Spor, Res.3		B.C. Lawrence Stack, Bat.50		Cpt. Timothy Stackpole, Div.11 (D)		Gregory Stajk, Lad.13		Jeffery Stark, Eng.230
	Benjamin Suarez, Lad.21		Daniel Suhr, Eng.216 (D)		Lt. Christopher Sullivan, Lad.111		Brian Sweeney, Res.1		Sean Tallon, Lad.10		Allan Tarasiewicz, Res.5
	Paul Tegtmeier, Eng.4		John Tierney, Lad.9		John Tipping II, Lad.4		Hector Tirado Jr, Eng.23		Richard Van Hine, Sqd.41		Peter Vega, Lad.118
	Lawrence Veling, Eng.235		John Vigiano II, Lad.132		Sergio Villanueva, Lad.132		Lawrence Virgilio, Sqd.18 (D)		Lt. Robert Wallace, Eng.205		Jeffery Walz, Lad. 9
	Lt. Michael Warchola, Lad.5 (D)		Capt. Patrick Waters, S.O.C.		Kenneth Watson, Eng.214		Michael Weinberg, Eng.1 (D)		David Weiss, Res.1		Timothy Welty, Sqd.288
	Eugene Whelan, Eng.230		Edward White, Eng.230		Mark Whitford, Eng.23		Lt. Glenn Wilkinson, Eng.238 (D)		B.C. John Williamson, Bat.6 (D)		Capt. David Wooley, Lad.4
	Raymond York, Eng.285 (D)